Quantum-limited mass flow of liquid ³He

Abstract

We consider theoretically the possibility of observing unusual quantum fluid behavior in liquid ³He and solutions of ³He in ⁴He systems confined to nano-channels. In the case of pure ballistic flow at very low temperature conductance will be quantized in units of 2 m²/h. We show that these steps should be sensitive to increases in temperature. We also use a random scattering matrix simulation to study flow with diffusive wall scattering. Universal conductance fluctuations analogous to those seen in electron systems should then be observable. Finally we consider the possibility of the cross-over to a one-dimensional system at sufficiently low temperature where the system could form a Luttinger liquid.