Українське національне відродження в ХІХ–ХХ ст.: від територіальної суміжності до соборності в незалежній державі

Abstract

У статті розглянуто етнополітичні процеси на українських землях в ХІХ-ХХ ст., поняття «соборність» у науковому й політичному лексиконі.The genesis and affirmation of the Ukrainian idea of state unity is rooted in the glorious and tragic era of B. Khmelnytsky’s times. The 19th is marked by a fundamental shift in ethno-political processes on Ukrainian lands. At the same time, the formation and consolidation of the Ukrainian nation – the highest form of ethnic development took place. A necessary prerequisite for the full completion of this process is the community of territory, language, economy, culture, national consciousness. The understandable desire to unite all Ukrainian lands into a single state resulted in the unification process, which ended with the proclamation of the Act of Unification on the Sophia Square in Kyiv on January 22, 1919. The idea of the revival of the Ukrainian Independent State (UIS) has become the cornerstone of the programme and practical activities of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The gathering of Ukrainian lands within the Ukrainian SSR during the Second World War did not remove the acuteness of the national question. The political content of «Stalin's unification» did not satisfy the patriotic, nationally conscious part of the Ukrainian public in the USSR and abroad. The breakup of the socialist system, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the proclamation of Ukraine as an independent state seemed to symbolize the implementation of the «national idea» in the most possible form. However, even taking into account the significant importance of this event, the problem of unity still remains relevant. There is an urgent need for the political consolidation of the nation, the spiritual unity of the entire national community, the protection of the political and cultural rights of the fellowmen in all ethnic Ukrainian lands. In this sense, the creation of a sovereign Ukrainian state should be considered as the only beginning and the necessary condition for solving the urgent political, socio-cultural, ethno-confessional, and economic problems inherited from the Soviet regime.