Традиційні метрологічні знання жителів північно-східної частини Чернігівщини
Завантаження...
Дата
Автори
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і УТОПІК
Анотація
У статті за польовими матеріалами, зібраними у Семенівському та Новгород-Сіверському районах Чернігівської області,
розглянуто одиниці вимірювання довжини, площі, часу, ваги та
об’єму. За відсутності годинника вдень слідкували за положенням
сонця над небосхилом, вимірювали довжину тіні, вночі орієнтувалися за співом півнів. Для визначення довжини, крім метрів, послуговувалися антропологічними мірами, що, відповідно до фізичних
властивостей людини, не є сталими одиницями. У досліджуваних
районах значне поширення і застосування мають пристрої для
зважування – кантирі. За відсутності вагів сипучі продукти вимірювали дерев’яними посудинами різної величини, тобто визначали кількість через об’єм. Для вимірювання кількості рідини використовували відро, пляшки різної місткості. Попри уніфікацію
метричних одиниць державою, жителі північно-східної частини
Чернігівщини в домашніх умовах продовжували послуговуватися
досить умовними одиницями вимірювання.
Folk knowledge is the result of a long process of cultural adaptation of man to the environment. Significant interest in traditional folk knowledge today is due to the applied focus of this branch of folk culture, the wide range of applications of its centuries-old experience in modern conditions. Information on folk metrology, which consists of units of length, area, time, weight, and volume, was formed long ago. In all ethnic groups, these measures are of folk origin, but upon a state establishing begins the process of their unification. The article considers the units of length, area, time, weight, and volume based on field materials collected in Semenivskyi and Novhorod-Siverskyi districts of Chernihiv region. In the absence of a clock, the position of the sun over the sky was monitored during the day, the length of the shadow was measured, and cock crowing served as guidance at night. To determine the length, in addition to meters, anthropological measures were used, which according to the physical properties of man are not fixed units. To measure a field’s area in Soviet times they used a special ‘sazhenfor- mowing’, which corresponded to two meters and consisted of two sticks fastened crosswise in the form of the letter A. Devices for weighing – ‘cantyr’ – are widespread and used in the study areas. The offi- cial measure of 1 kilogram is used for weighing, but they also remember other units of weight: ‘khunt’, ‘pud’, centner, ton, which allows to compare diff erent units of weight. In the absence of scales, bulk products were measured with wooden utensils of diff erent sizes or bags, i.e. the quantity was determined by volume. Conventional units of measure for grain were special stacks, which were gathered after harvesting. Buckets and bottles of various capacities were used to measure the amount of liquid. Despite the unification of metric units by the state, the inhabitants of the north-eastern Chernihiv region continued to use at home quite conventional units of measurement, which led to discrepancies in the measurements of the same values.
Folk knowledge is the result of a long process of cultural adaptation of man to the environment. Significant interest in traditional folk knowledge today is due to the applied focus of this branch of folk culture, the wide range of applications of its centuries-old experience in modern conditions. Information on folk metrology, which consists of units of length, area, time, weight, and volume, was formed long ago. In all ethnic groups, these measures are of folk origin, but upon a state establishing begins the process of their unification. The article considers the units of length, area, time, weight, and volume based on field materials collected in Semenivskyi and Novhorod-Siverskyi districts of Chernihiv region. In the absence of a clock, the position of the sun over the sky was monitored during the day, the length of the shadow was measured, and cock crowing served as guidance at night. To determine the length, in addition to meters, anthropological measures were used, which according to the physical properties of man are not fixed units. To measure a field’s area in Soviet times they used a special ‘sazhenfor- mowing’, which corresponded to two meters and consisted of two sticks fastened crosswise in the form of the letter A. Devices for weighing – ‘cantyr’ – are widespread and used in the study areas. The offi- cial measure of 1 kilogram is used for weighing, but they also remember other units of weight: ‘khunt’, ‘pud’, centner, ton, which allows to compare diff erent units of weight. In the absence of scales, bulk products were measured with wooden utensils of diff erent sizes or bags, i.e. the quantity was determined by volume. Conventional units of measure for grain were special stacks, which were gathered after harvesting. Buckets and bottles of various capacities were used to measure the amount of liquid. Despite the unification of metric units by the state, the inhabitants of the north-eastern Chernihiv region continued to use at home quite conventional units of measurement, which led to discrepancies in the measurements of the same values.
Опис
Теми
Нова історія
Цитування
Традиційні метрологічні знання жителів північно-східної частини Чернігівщини / О.О. Васянович // Сіверщина в історії України: Зб. наук. пр. — К.: Глухів, 2021. — Вип. 14. — С. 336-339. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — укр.