Mapa bagien Polesia Daniela Zwickera z 1650 roku – dwa znane i dwa nieznane jej egzemplarze odkryte w zbiorach polskich
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Інститут історії України НАН України
Анотація
W artykule przedstawiono najnowszy stan badań nad jedną z najrzadszych map
w historii kartografii polskiej – mapą bagien Polesia Daniela Zwickera (1612–1678) z
1650 r. Wyrytowana i opublikowana w Gdańsku przez Wilhelma Hondiusa (po 1597–
1652) uważana jest przez K. Buczka (1963) za jego najlepsze bądź jedno z najlepszych
dzieł. Jeszcze do niedawna uważana była za nieobecną w polskich zbiorach publicznych,
a cała dotychczasowa literatura przedmiotu wymieniała tylko dwa jej znane zachowane
egzemplarze w zbiorach zagranicznych: w Dreźnie i w Wiedniu. Ostatnie badania
autora pozwoliły na odkrycie jej trzeciego egzemplarza w zbiorach polskich – w Bibliotece
Raczyńskich w Poznaniu. Czwarty egzemplarz tej mapy autor odkrył w zbiorach
Muzeum Warszawy. Mało tego ten odkryty czwarty egzemplarz mapy bagien Polesia jest
jej drugim stanem z tego samego roku czyli z 1650 r. (dodana m.in. informacja o bitwie
łojowskiej), którego istnienie przewidywał K. Buczek (1963) na podstawie przerysu tej
mapy zamieszczonego w tłumaczeniu St.B. Gorskiego dzieła o czerwcu polskim J. Hamela
(Wilno 1837). Ponadto prawdopodobnie piąty egzemplarz mapy Zwickera znajduje się w obiegu antykwarycznym.
The map of the Polesie marshes from 1650 by the outstanding Socinian and physician from Gdańsk, Daniel Zwicker (1612-1678), is one of the rarest and most precious maps in the history of Polish cartography. It is also famous for showing on a map for the first time the places where a scale insect (Porphyrophora polonica) occurs. In the middle ages larvas of this insect were used to produce a valuable raw material to obtain red pigment called carmine dye. The map was engraved and published in Gdańsk by the well-known engraver Wilhelm Hondius (after 1597-1652). According to K. Buczek (The history of Polish cartography from the 15th to the 18th century, Amsterdam 1982) the map is of little significance from a cartographic point of view, but has considerable artistic value and was probably the best map produced by W. Hondius. Until recently no copy of this map was known to exist in Polish public cartographical records/collections, and until now all published map references in Polish or other languages quoted only two known copies of the map preserved in foreign collections: in Dresden (Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, sign.: H. Polon. 23, III) and in Vienna (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, sign.: 389.030-F.K. 23, Taf. 42). The author’s latest research brought to light a third copy in 2011, this time in a Polish public collection - the Raczynski Library (Biblioteka Raczyńskich) in Poznań (sign.: M II 971 / 5706), which was purchased in 1985 after the death of a private collector. A fourth copy of this map was discovered by the author in the Warsaw Museum (Muzeum Warszawy) in a composite atlas by Matthäus Seutter (1678-1757) purchased in 1960. What is more, this fourth copy of the map of the marshes of Polesie is the second state of the Zwicker map from the same year - 1650 (showing, among other additional details, information about the battle of Łojowogród on 31 July 1649). The existence of a second state was already presumed by K. Buczek (1963) on the basis of a copy of that state published in a Polish translation by Stanisław Batys Gorski of a work on the said insect (Porphyrophora polonica) by J. Hamel (Wilno 1837). A fifth copy of the Zwicker map is reputed to exist in the trade.
The map of the Polesie marshes from 1650 by the outstanding Socinian and physician from Gdańsk, Daniel Zwicker (1612-1678), is one of the rarest and most precious maps in the history of Polish cartography. It is also famous for showing on a map for the first time the places where a scale insect (Porphyrophora polonica) occurs. In the middle ages larvas of this insect were used to produce a valuable raw material to obtain red pigment called carmine dye. The map was engraved and published in Gdańsk by the well-known engraver Wilhelm Hondius (after 1597-1652). According to K. Buczek (The history of Polish cartography from the 15th to the 18th century, Amsterdam 1982) the map is of little significance from a cartographic point of view, but has considerable artistic value and was probably the best map produced by W. Hondius. Until recently no copy of this map was known to exist in Polish public cartographical records/collections, and until now all published map references in Polish or other languages quoted only two known copies of the map preserved in foreign collections: in Dresden (Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, sign.: H. Polon. 23, III) and in Vienna (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, sign.: 389.030-F.K. 23, Taf. 42). The author’s latest research brought to light a third copy in 2011, this time in a Polish public collection - the Raczynski Library (Biblioteka Raczyńskich) in Poznań (sign.: M II 971 / 5706), which was purchased in 1985 after the death of a private collector. A fourth copy of this map was discovered by the author in the Warsaw Museum (Muzeum Warszawy) in a composite atlas by Matthäus Seutter (1678-1757) purchased in 1960. What is more, this fourth copy of the map of the marshes of Polesie is the second state of the Zwicker map from the same year - 1650 (showing, among other additional details, information about the battle of Łojowogród on 31 July 1649). The existence of a second state was already presumed by K. Buczek (1963) on the basis of a copy of that state published in a Polish translation by Stanisław Batys Gorski of a work on the said insect (Porphyrophora polonica) by J. Hamel (Wilno 1837). A fifth copy of the Zwicker map is reputed to exist in the trade.
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Історія картографії
Цитування
Mapa bagien Polesia Daniela Zwickera z 1650 roku – dwa znane i dwa nieznane jej egzemplarze odkryte w zbiorach polskich / K. Kozica // Історико-географічні дослідження в Україні: Зб. наук. пр. — 2019. — Число 14. — С. 81-100. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — пол.