Конское снаряжение раннескифского времени на юге Восточной Европы

Abstract

Статья посвящена пространственно-хронологическому анализу и интерпретации раннескифских удил и псалиев на юге Восточной Европы.Стаття присвячена просторово-хронологічному аналізу та інтерпретації ранньоскіфських вудил та псаліїв, які були знайдені на Північному Кавказі та у лісостеповій України.This article is devoted to the spatial-chronological analysis and interpretation of the early Scythian horse bits and cheek-pieces, which were found in the Northern Caucasus and the forest-steppe Ukraine. These areas were the main centers of concentration of Scythian antiquities in the 7—6 centuries BC. The bronze and iron bits with stirrup-shaped loops on the both ends belong to the basic type of these bridle components in the Ciscaucasian region, whereas the iron bits with open-ended loops were the most widespread on the territory of Dnieper forest-steppe area. The former type of bits, which included finds with varied typological characteristics and variations of rods decorations, was the most widely used in 7 — the beginning of 6 centuries BC, while the latter type — in the end of 7 and / or 6 centuries BC. Various metal three-looped cheek-pieces of 7—6 centuries BC constituted the majority of Scythian cheek-pieces, which were used in the Northern Caucasus. In contrast to it, bone cheekpieces of 6 century BC. with zoomorphic images at both ends were predominant in the Dnieper forest-steppe region.