Реставрація Будинку митрополита архітектурного ансамблю Києво-Печерської лаври у 1950–60-х роках

Abstract

Стаття присвячена висвітленню історії науково-реставраційних робіт, виконаних у другій половині 1950-х – на початку 1960-х рр. на пам’ятці архітектури – Будинку митрополита архітектурного ансамблю Києво-Печерської лаври під керівництвом Є. Пламеницької.The architectural ensemble of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, which is has an outstanding cultural value of world importance, was devastated during the Second World War. After the War, large-scale restoration and restoration works were launched in the Lavra, which contributed to the establishment of a Ukrainian restoration school, the development of a restoration methodology, and the formation of talented restoration architects. In particular, in the late 1950s – early 1960s, restoration works under the direction of Yevhenia Plamenytska were performed on the iconic monument of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra - the Metropolitan’s House. This monument suffered significant damage during the Second World War. In general, the Metropolitan’s House required not only the restoration of the lost structures, but also the strengthening of the existing ones. The work on the monument was carried out in accordance with the current legislation on conservation and scientific and methodological documents. Along with detailed measurements and full-scale studies of the monument, archival materials and historical sources were studied. In the process of scientific research Ye. Plamenytska revealed important stages of creation and transformation of the object, in particular, refuted established ideas about its original nucleus, and also revealed a number of important details of the original architectural and decorative decoration of the facades. It is also revealed that in 1752–1761, as a result of the transformations, the Metropolitan’s House was transformed from an archaic three-chamber building into a palace-type building. However, during the XIX - early XX centuries numerous additions were made to the Metropolitan’s House which led to the almost complete loss of the features of the Baroque palace. The project of restoration of the Metropolitan’s House was designed to adapt it to the Museum of Ukrainian Art. The restoration concept intended to free the monument from architectural layers that have no artistic value and to restore the monument to its original appearance. The implementation of the project decisions was influenced by ideological motives related to the strengthening of the anti-religious campaign by the Soviet authorities. Restoration work was carried out during 1959-1963. Some project decisions that failed in those years remain relevant today. Project of restoration of Metropolitan’s House is a stage work of Ye. Plamenytska. Realization of this project provided stylistic integrity of architectural ensemble of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra to a certain extent, that became a important factor in behalf of decision-making about entering of this ensemble in the UNESCO World Heritage List.