Амфорна тара з сарматських поховальних пам’яток Буджака (остання третина II—III ст. н. е.)

Abstract

У статті розглянуто амфорний матеріал, що походить з сарматських поховальних комплексів Буджака останньої третини II—III ст. н. е. Колекція даної тари складається з амфор варіантів C IVC і C IVD за С. Ю. Внуковим, варіанту I B за А. Опайцем та посудин невизначених різновидів. В свою чергу, амфори C IVD можуть бути розділені на підваріанти C IVD₁ та C IVD₂.

The transport amphorae discovered in the Budjak’s Sarmatian burial assemblages of the last third of 2nd—3rd century AD are analyzed in the paper. These containers collection consists of the amphorae of variation C IVC and C IVD by S. Yu. Vnukov, variation I B by A. Opaiţ and the vessels of undefined kind. In its turn, amphorae C IVD could be divided on subvariation C IVD₁ and C IVD₂. Among the researched materials the containers for olive oil, fish products transportation are absent and identified variation of amphorae are presented exceptionally the wine vessels. The big majority of Budjak’s Sarmatian’s sites amphorae of marked time belong to the production of Heraclea Pontica. Such popularity of Heraclean wine among the nomads we can explain not only by its relative cheapness or by taste partialities of its buyers. The small sizes of vessels of variation C IVC and C IVD by S. Yu. Vnukov helped forward to their transportation by land on the big distances. The recent notice can regard also the amphorae of variation I B by A. Opaiţ, produced in Lower Danube area. The main wine suppliers to the Sarmatian population of Budjak, were, apparently, the merchants from Tyras, the part of goods came from the «little border trade» with Lower Moesia and Dacia. The peak of amphorae containers entrance to Budjak accounts for the last third of 2nd — the middle of second quarter of 3rd c. AD., which was helped forward by the stable war-political appointments in the region. In the second half of 3rd c. AD. the entrance volume of these containers on the researched territory greatly decline, that, in its turn, was connected with the «Scythian» («Gothic») wars of 238—270 years AD.