Дослідження праслов’янської синонімії в контексті гніздового підходу

Abstract

Предметом статті є встановлення формально-дериваційних типів слов’янських субстантивів на позначення метеорологічного явища спеки, які походять з праслов’янських гнізд з вихідним значенням термічного процесу, а також реконструкція відповідних праслов’янських синонімів і характеристика ареальної дистрибуції їхніх континуантів. Наявність цілої низки близьких за значенням лексем засвідчує їхню прадавню діалектну належність.

The aim of the paper is, first, to establish formal derivational types of Slavonic names of hot weather deriving from Common Slavonic word families with roots denoting thermal processes; second, to reconstruct synonymous Common Slavonic words of the said meaning; and, third, to characterize the areal distribution of their reflexes in the Slavonic languages. The majority of reflexes of the Common Slavonic names of hot weather with the root *zar- are East Slavonic nouns. The derivatives with the Common Slavonic root *zeg- are predominant in the Sorbian and South Slavonic languages, the languages of the latter group also the ones most consistently attesting words of this meaning deriving from the Common Slavonic verb *vbreti. Typical for Polish, Czech and Slovak are names of heat with the Common Slavonic roots *gor- and *pal-, and reflexes of the Common Slavonic verb *pekti are more or less equally represented in most Slavonic languages. In the word family of the Common Slavonic root *gor- the majority of nouns denoting heat have the Common Slavonic stem *gor^tj-!*gorqtj-, and in the family of the Common Slavonic root *vbr~, the derivatives with the Common Slavonic stem *vbrQtj~, *vbrel- prevail. The number of Common Slavonic nouns of various «thermal» roots denoting hot weather being so large, this multitude resulted in the present-day Slavonic languages lacking a common heat name (or names) equally characteristic to all of them. This regularity manifests itself within the sets of heat names of the same root belonging to the individual word families as well as within the group of the synonymous heat names of different roots. In its turn, this lack of a common heat name or names equally shared by all the Slavonic languages testifies to the fact that the Common Slavonic synonyms denoting heat were fairly numerous and of dialectal character.