Варіанти житлових будівель трипільської культури за елементами інтер’єру другого поверху

Abstract

У статті розглянуто варіанти житлових споруд трипільської культури за елементами інтер’єру другого поверху будівлі. Інтер’єр трипільських будівель досить стандартизований. Варіанти виділено за незначними змінами в інтер’єрі житлового приміщення будівлі. Загалом запропоновано п’ятнадцять варіантів житлових споруд. Варіанти розподілено у хронологічній послідовності залежно від їхньої появи. За виділеними варіантами висловлено припущення щодо причини змін, які відбулися за час розвитку трипільської культури.

Oven is a permanent element of interior of the Trypillia culture house. An oven is always located to the right from the entrance to the residential room of the second storey. Other interior details, such as altar, podium etc, are not met in every single house. This paper aims to define variations of the Trypillia culture houses according to the presence or lack of elements of interior. Origin of variations is analyzed according to the chronology of sites. The analysis is focused only on the interior of the second storey. Fifteen variations of Trypillia houses were defined as of today. Variations one to three are typical only for Early Trypillia. Those are different from the latter variations by the location of an oven. Variations four to six were formed during the Trypillia BI stage and lasted till Trypillia CII. Other variations characterize slight differences between certain periods of culture. Organization of interior did not change much since Trypillia BI. However Trypillia BI is characterized by its highest variation. The high level of unification of the Trypillia culture dwellings was probably caused by the fact that the house construction was the collective activity. Different taboos, which did not let the deviation from commonly accepted rules, also should not be excluded. Certain individual elements could appear in the result of house construction by an individual or family. They could be also caused by the functioning of house and some rational reasons. Change in the location of an oven during Trypillia BI could be explained by the climate change during this period of time, which was noted by the number of scholars, or incorporation of people from different cultural units into Trypillia populations.