Віттенберзький університет за часів конфесіоналізації: головні напрями діяльності (на прикладі теологічного факультету)

Abstract

У статті розглянуто основні напрями діяльності Віттенберзького університету протягом конфесійної епохи. Схарактеризовано зміни в організації і навчальних програмах, роль викладачів та студентів університету у конфесійно-політичній боротьбі. Визначено способи взаємодії університету зі світською та церковною владою курфюршества Саксонського. Зроблено висновок, що за часів конфесіоналізації Віттенберзький університет став зразком для створення євангелічних університетів Німеччини. Викладачі теологічного факультету відіграли важливу роль у поширенні лютеранства.

The article describes the main directions of activity activities of the University of Wittenberg during the confessional age. The changes in the organization and training programs, the role of teachers and students in religious and political struggle are characterized. The ways of interaction of the University with secular and ecclesiastical authorities of the Electorate of Saxony are defined. It іs concluded that at the time of the Lutheran confessionalization at Wittenberg University, as well as another high schools that had emerged at the time of the Reformation (for example, Marburg University, Konigsberg University, Jena University) played an important role in preparing church leaders. These leaders supported the ideas of Martin Luther and actively participated in the development of principles of Evangelism and their implementation in the life of German society. It has contributed to designing religious identity is primarily concerned with reform of the church and the educational system. The reform has been conducted by the active intellectual elite of Wittenberg. That process had a universal character during Early Modern Age, but it manifested itself first in evangelical territories of Germany. Theological faculty of Wittenberg University was organizing center of confessionalization in evangelical territories of Germany for a long time. It was also the center of acute ideological struggle between different factions of Lutheran theologians. That “crisis of growth” of Lutheranism has been overcome as a result of the changing of the Evangelical groups in the last quarter of the XVIth century. In that period Wittenberg University was one of the key centers of evangelism in German society. Wittenberg University has become a model for the creation of evangelical universities in Germany during the age of confessionalization. The professors of the theological faculty were leaders in the spread of Lutheranism.