Структура і динаміка римового поля «місто»

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню структури римового поля МІСТО. Окреслено його мікрополя та проаналізовано їх лексичний склад, визначено римові кліше, що становлять ядро римового поля. Описано поетичні рими в ракурсі динамічних процесів, що відбуваються у відповідних мікрополях. Простежено особливості авторського римостилю українських поетів ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. у вживанні урбаністичних рим. Акцентовано на властивості деяких рим бути маркерами певної епохи.

The article is devoted to the study of the structure of the rhyme field CITY. Its microfields are outlined and their lexical composition is analyzed. It was revealed that the microfields are clearly formed via “urban space” (“structure of space”, “urbanonyms”), “buildings and institutions”, “objects and materials”, “transport”. “Structure of space” contains words: avenue, alley, boulevard, street, square, park, suburb, avenue, market, garden, etc. Rhymes with the component “street” predominate, the combination of this rhyme with verbs is typical. There is a strong associative connection, on the one hand, between the word square and, on the other hand, rain and rinse; it is a kind of landscape sketch, visual and sound image of the city. Among the components of rhyme – urbanonyms, we single out the names of material monuments of history, temples, places of worship, streets, squares, historic sites, modern neighborhoods and massifs. “Buildings and institutions” is a fairly wide group of nouns: academy, pharmacy, bar, library, railway station, garage, hotel, kindergarten, factory, coffee shop, casino, cafe, cafeteria, cinema, club, bookstore, office, shop, hospital, pawnshop, museum, pub, post office, railway station, restaurant, cathedral, supermarket, theater, prison, philharmonic, skyscraper etc. Rhyme with a component “factory” marks Soviet era. Popular urban rhymes are combinations with the word “station”, in particular the cliché further (adj.) – at the station. In the microfield “Urban objects and materials” the most attractive for rhyme comprehension is the word “light”. Often used in the rhyme position, the word “pavement” creates a sound image of a hollow road. Of all the names of modes of transport, the word “tram” is the most popular. This rhyming component, associated with the unchanging attribute of life in the city, has not lost its poetic relevance over the centuries. It is concluded that the processes of urbanization actualize the “urban” rhyme both for the creators themselves and for researchers of the language of modern poetry.