Формування колекції будівельних матеріалів ХІ–ХV ст. Національного Києво-Печерського історико-культурного заповідника

Abstract

Стаття присвячена основним етапам формування групи зберігання «Будівельні матеріали» наукових фондів Національного Києво-Печерського історико-культурного заповідника. Проаналізовано шляхи поповнення колекції будівельної кераміки ХІ–ХV ст. та перспективи її дослідження.

Scientific archival of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Preserve keep a big collection of building materials of the XI–XV centuries. A collection of building materials began to form in the funds of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra State Preserve from the second half of the 1940s. The reason for this was the work on the dismantling of the ruins of the Dormition cathedral, destroyed by the explosion on November 3, 1941. According to the record in the old inventory book of the building materials group, a collection began to form in 1947 by archaeologist V. Bohusevych. Unique specimens of medieval and modern materials of architecture - plates, bricks, floor tiles, fragments of pyrophyllite floor, tile, messengers, shutters, murals, mosaics, stones, solutions, marble decorative elements, etc. were received for keeping in the scientific archival. In the 1950s, M. Kholostenko selected samples of historical value and exposure potential. Next replenishment of the collection occurred while working in the reserve of architectural and archeological expeditions. From the first half of the 1980’s to the present day the remains of the ancient: Dormition Cathedral (1073–1078) was investigated by: V. Bohusevich, S. Kilievich, M. Kholostenko, V. Kharlamov, V. Chaika, O. Syromiatnikov, H. Ivakin. Adjacent to it John the Baptist Church (last quarter of the XI century) was studied by M. Kholostenko and H. Ivakin; The Refectory building (1108– 1110) constructed during the same period was analyzed by V. Kharlamov, O. Syromiatnikov, S. Balakin; Monastery wall (second half of XII century) was excavated by V. Bogusevich, V. Kharlamov, S. Balakin, S. Taranenko; The Church of the Savior at Berestove (1113–1125), located near the monastery, was studied by: P. Pokryshkin, I. Samoilovsky, V. Kharlamov, O. Syromiatnikov, S. Balakin, H. Ivakin, S. Taranenko, V. Ivakin. According to the report on the movement of museum objects, as of 2019, the Building Materials Collection has 1630 museum objects, of which 83% date from the XI–XIII centuries. All items in the main stock of the reserve are subject to scientific attribution. A separate inventory book is created for each storage group. An inventory card is drawn up for all museum items registered in the inventory book. Since 2001, at the initiative of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine, the certification of museum objects in the scientific collections of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural preserve has begun, to which a collection of building materials is involved. During 2012–2016, a working group was set up to work on the development of an electronic catalog of inventory cards of the reserve for the conservation group “Building Materials” of the main fund. This process is an integral part of contemporary digitization of historical and cultural monuments. In June 2019, the refinement of the existing attribution of the Old Rus brick collection (XI–XV centuries) began. 450 units of the plinth have already been analyzed in detail. The purpose of the work is a new scientific attribution of museum objects and addition of data to the scientific passport.