Традиції бродячого ремесла на території України

Abstract

У статті визначено рівень розвитку і роль ливарного ремесла на різних етапах розвитку суспільства. Виділено окремо діяльність бродячих ливарників і охарактеризовано чинники, що свідчать про їхню роботу. Традиция бродячого ремесла виникла разом із появою металургії і металообробки та існувала протягом епох енеоліта, бронзи і раннього залізного віку.

The article defines the level of development and the role of foundry craft at different stages of society development. Particular attention was paid to successive divisions of labor, as a result of which narrow specialists stood out - miners, metallurgists, foundry workers, among which also narrower specialists stood out - gunsmiths, jewelers, etc. The activities of vagrant craftsmen were singled out and evidence of their work was characterized. Despite the regular process of the division of labor among metallurgists, the casters, who led a mobile lifestyle, were to some extent universal. The tradition of vagrant craft along with the advent of metallurgy arose along with the advent of metallurgy and metalworking and existed throughout the Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Age eras. In a strange way, researchers never denied the work of vagrant craftsmen in the Neolithic - Bronze Age, but they never raised the issue of vagrant craftsmen in the early Iron Age. However, numerous artifacts allowed to do this with sufficient categorization. Convincing evidence of the work of vagrant craftsmen in the Bronze Age was found in the burial of foundry workers, accompanied by craft accessories, as well as foundry molds and semi-finished products in settlements in the absence of stationary workshops. For the early Iron Age, only one foundry burial can be named, but quite a lot of random founding of foundry molds are known, and besides there is vivid evidence of the foundry’s work in such seasonal festivities as the Yahorlytsky settlement at the mouth of the Dnieper in the VI century BC and in Kamenske settlement on the Dnieper in IV century BC. At the same time, there are many stationary workshops in Scythia now nowadays which allow talking about the developed foundry craft among the local population as opposed to ancient craft in the Greek colonies of the Northern Black Sea region.