Визначення синтаксично неоднозначних конструкцій в україномовному тексті

Abstract

Стаття присвячена розглядові теоретичних та практичних засад вивчення в українській мові синтаксичної омонімії як одного з типів мовленнєвої неоднозначності. На підставі аналізу найвідоміших наукових розвідок з традиційної та комп’ютерної лінгвістики виділено типи синтаксично неоднозначних конструкцій і відзначено закономірність їх функціонування в українському тексті.The theoretical and practical aspects of syntactical ambiguity were presented in many works. Unfortunately this problem has not been described for Ukrainian. In the paper theoretical and practical basis of the syntactical ambiguity as one type of language ambiquity in Ukrainian is described. According to analysis of the most known works in traditional and computer linguistics types of syntactical ambiguity constructions and their regular functioning in Ukrainian are observed. Generally the syntactical ambiguity is understood as a potential possibility of syntactical construction — sentence, word combination, syntagma — to have more than one sense. These senses are specified by different factors: formal-syntactical factors (type of syntactical connections, words order), semantic-syntactical factors (type of syntactical relations) and by both formal-syntactical and semantic-syntactical factors. As a rule native speaker does not note this peculiarity of language but for translation and for teaching language it’s rather complex problem. In the field of computational linguistics, syntactic disambiguation is defined as the problem of computationally determining which «sense» of a sentence is activated by the use of the phrase in a particular text. Description of the syntactical ambiguity in aspect of human and computer perception allows us to present general picture of this language phenomenon and determine their practical and theoretical studying in the future. We distinguish two types of this ambiguity: type 1 — constructions where it is difficult to determine a governing word in sentence, in word combination or in syntagma and it is difficult to determine a type of a syntactical connection; type 2 — constructions where it is difficult to determine a type of a syntactical relation between word forms in sentence, word combination or syntagma. Particularity of the syntactical ambiguity depends on an analysis method and a method of a syntactical structure presentation. Description of the syntactical ambiguity in aspect of human and computer perception allows us to present general picture of this language phenomenon and determine their practical and theoretical stadying in the future.