"Одеське відділення товариства поширення просвіти серед євреїв в Росії": етапи та напрямки функціонування

Abstract

Метою цієї статті є дослідження основних етапів і напрямів діяльності одного з найстаріших і провідних національно-культурних об'єднань Одеси - «Одеського відділення товариства поширення просвіти серед євреїв в Росії». На базі широкого кола джерел показаний великий внесок товариства в розвиток єврейської культури Одеси та культури міста в цілому.The purpose of this article is to study the main stages and activities of one of the oldest and leading national-cultural associations of Odessa – «the Odessa branch of the Society for the Promotion of Enlightenment among the Jews in Russia». On the basis of a wide range of sources shows a great contribution to the development of the society of Jewish culture in Odessa and culture of the city as a whole. The fact of continuous and extensive activities reflects, albeit indirectly (as in the history of record keeping and archives in many cases, the physical loss of documentary collections exists) that only a partnership among all national and cultural societies in Odessa are left in a large archive, formed a separate Foundation of the State Archives of Odessa region, which is the main source for the study of its activities. The Fund includes acts documents, - materials of official records (reports, business correspondence, protocols, etc.). Several documents are published in the Fund thorough collection of documents on the history of the Jews of Odessa and Southern Ukraine that issued the State Archive of Odessa region in the beginning of the 21 century. Specificity was «Odessa branch of the society to spread education among Jews in Russia» that's Odessa national cultural societies it was the only example of the central branch of the other cities. «Society of the society to spread education among Jews in Russia» was founded in October 1863, led by philanthropist E. Ginsburg. «Society of the society to spread education among Jews in Russia» official was the only major Jewish culturaleducational organization in the Russian Empire. Activities of «Odessa branch of the society to spread education among Jews in Russia» didn't not only copy and continue the activity of «Society of the society to spread education among Jews in Russia», which actually was logical for the branch, but it was accomplied to the local conditions, primarily was determined by a large number of Jews from Odessa, with a high degree of the poor ones. This circumstance is explained on the one hand by long and nearly continuous functioning of the society, but on the other hand, by the difficulties and complaints of low income. Although the company could do more to educate Jews, given the number of adverse circumstances, made it a lot. The activity of the Company should be considered simultaneously in several extremely important areas: charity, education, national unity, establishing contacts with the surroundings - government and non-Jewish communities in general.Целью этой статьи является исследование основных этапов и направлений деятельности одного из старейших и ведущих национально- культурных объединений Одессы – «Одесского отделения общества для распространения просвещения среди евреев в России». На базе широкого круга источников показан большой вклад общества в развитие еврейской культуры Одессы и культуры города в целом.