Церкви над Сіверською Десною від Комані до Лушників

Abstract

У статті міститься 17 історій про церкви на обидвох берегах Десни – лівому Сумському та правому Чернігівському. Історії поєднують між собою Сіверську землю, як то було в середньовіччя за панування на ній Новгород-Сіверського Спасо-Преображенського монастиря. Наведені нові, раніше невідомі, архівні документи, що були виявлені останнім часом. Також враховані новітні краєзнавчі публікації стосовно церков. Стаття стане в нагоді для складання оновлених подеснянських путівників.The article contains 17 stories of churches on both banks of the Desna River – the left bank of the Sumy River and the right bank of the Chernihiv River. The stories connect the Siversk land with each other, as it was in the Middle Ages during the rule of the Novhorod-Siversk Savior-Transfi guration Monastery. New, previously unknown archival documents that have been discovered recently are presented. The latest local history publications regarding churches are also taken into account. The article will be useful for compiling updated Podesnya guidebooks. The first churches on the Desna appeared in the 16th century in the settlements of the monks of the Novhorod Spassky Monastery. According to the charter of 1551, almost all the monastery lands on the Desna River, starting from the monastery’s oxen down the Desna River to the village of Lushnyky, were marked with an oblique cross (orom, oryk, soho) - a sign that was carved on the monks’ trees along the old, eternal boundaries of the land of the farmers. The spiritual sign of the monks’ villages became the crosses on the white churches that could be seen across the floodplain of the Desna River above the monastery meadows, the pine forests zigzagging one after the other. Enchanted by the church bells, the Desna River slowed down its flow in the white chalk banks, stopping near the churches. The oldest church was the left-bank Lushnyky church, which arose in the village of Luchnyky before 1560 and was named after the Nativity of Christ. During the reign of Hetman Mazepa, the stone Pokrovsk Church on the right-bank Dihtiarivska Hill dominated the Desna River. The church was built in 1702 by the Hetman for the sake of the ancient miraculous icon of the Mother of God with the Everlasting Infant preserved by the Dihtiarivska people. A copy of this icon, preserved by the Bogdanovka people, also received a stone church (1784) on the left bank of the Desna River. And the third stone church on the Desna River was Lushnyky church (1857), because it had a miraculous icon of St. Nicholas. The fourth stone church (1839) was the Archangel Michael Church in the village of Obrazhiivka. All the wooden churches renovated in the second half of the 18th century in the villages on the Desna River in Hnativka (1767), Chulatov (1771), Pyrohivka (1777), Horbov (1778), and Koman (1781) imitated the beauty of the Svirzh Church. Today, only the Pokrovska Church in the village of Pyrohivka has survived, which has been an architectural monument of Ukraine since 1979. All other 12 wooden churches in the Desna region were converted by the Bolsheviks in the 1930s into collective farm clubs, of which only two have survived - in Loska (Obyednanoye) on the right bank of the Desna River and in Chapliivka on the left bank. Of the four stone churches, only one has survived, the Archangel Michael Church in the village of Obrazhiyivka, two more churches stand in ruins – the Pokrovsk Church in Dihtiarivka and the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Bohdanivka, and on the site of the oldest church in Lushniki there is a mass grave.